Wi-Fi Direct

Wi-Fi Direct is a Wi-Fi standard that allows devices to connect with each other without requiring a Wi-Fi access point. Wi-Fi Direct negotiates the link with a Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) system that assigns each device a limited wireless access point.

Establishing a peer-to-peer (P2P) link has the following phases:

P2P discovery, which allows to search for P2P devices in the vicinity
P2P group formation, a P2P group is formed with the identification of one of the devices as group owner. A device can either become group owner (GO) autonomously if configured to do so or it can be negotiated between devices with the exchange of GO intents.
P2P provisioning, which authenticates the link by using either Push Button Configuration (PBC) or PIN authentication.
P2P connection, when the connection between a Group Owner (GO) and a Group Client (GC) is actually established.

P2P interfaces

The Wi-Fi driver on load creates a p2p0 interface that is used by the wpa_supplicant for P2P group formation. Once a group is formed, virtual p2p-p2p0-N interfaces are created, where N is an index starting at 0. These virtual interfaces are then used for provisioning.

Group additions, find, and connect operations happen on the p2p0 interface.
Provisioning occurs on the virtual p2p-p2p0-N interfaces.

See Wireless virtual MAC addresses for more information. Configure the virtual interfaces before attempting to connect more than one device.

Enable P2P on the driver

The p2p0 interface is disabled by default to improve the performance of the wlan0 interface in client infrastructure mode.

Enable P2P interface

Add the wlan0 interface to the list of unmanaged devices that is defined in the NetworkManager configuration at /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

unmanaged-devices=interface-name:p2p*;interface-name:wlan1;interface-name:wlan0

Restart NetworkManager to apply the configuration with the following command:

# systemctl restart NetworkManager

Create a virtual interface with the following command:

# iw dev wlan0 interface add p2p0 type managed

Now modify /etc/network/interfaces and change the p2p0 interface as follows:

/etc/network/interfaces

auto p2p0
iface p2p0 inet static
        address 192.168.43.30
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        wpa-driver nl80211
        wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant_p2p.conf

Now bring up the interface with the following command:

# ifup p2p0

Automatic P2P connection setup

This topic explains how to do an automatic P2P connection with negotiated GO and PBC join, where any of the peers can adopt the GO role.

Find the MAC address of the remote peer you want to connect to, which you can get using iw dev command under the p2p0 interface:

# iw dev
phy#0
        Interface p2p0
                ifindex 7
                wdev 0x2
                addr 02:04:f3:8d:40:03
                type managed
                txpower 0.00 dBm
        Interface wlan0
                ifindex 6
                wdev 0x1
                addr 00:04:f3:8d:40:03
                type managed
                txpower 0.00 dBm

Edit the file /etc/network/interfaces and add the remote peer MAC address using the parameter p2p-peer-mac at the p2p0 interface entry:

/etc/network/interfaces

# WiFi P2P interface
#auto p2p0
iface p2p0 inet static
        address 192.168.45.30
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        wpa-driver nl80211
        wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant_p2p.conf
        p2p-peer-mac 02:04:f3:8d:40:03

Other optional configurable parameters of the P2P connection include:

p2p-discover-window: Duration in seconds on the peer discovery operation (default of 120 seconds).
p2p-freq: Frequency for the channel used in the P2P connection (negotiated by default). Digi recommends you select a fixed frequency because it improves resiliency.
p2p-local-address: The local IP address assigned to the P2P interface (no default IP assigned).
p2p-local-netmask: The network mask assigned to the P2P interface (no default mask assigned).

Repeat the previous step (this time with your device’s MAC) on the peer device.
Reboot the devices with the following command:
```
# reboot
```
Bring up the p2p0 interface simultaneously at both ends:
```
# ifup p2p0
```

This creates a Wi-Fi direct connection using negotiated GO and PBC join. For details on this automatic P2P connection, see the script /etc/network/if-up.d/p2plink.

Manual P2P connection setup

The following examples will use two ConnectCore MP15 devices to establish P2P connections. Before running any of the examples, bring up the p2p0 interface on both peers with:

# ifup p2p0

The examples below use wpa-supplicant P2P-specific commands. For more information about these commands, see the wpa_supplicant and Wi-Fi P2P README.

Autonomous GO creation

Create Autonomous Group Owner (GO) and join using PBC method

Peer (GO) ---- PBC --- Peer (GC)

Step	Peer CCMP151	Peer CCMP152
1	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`
2	`p2p_group_add`
3		`p2p_find`
4		`p2p_connect <CCMP151_mac_addr> pbc join`
5	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
6	`wpa_cli -i p2p-p2p0-0 wps_pbc`
7	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP151_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP152_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CCMP152_ip_addr>`	`ping <CCMP151_ip_addr>`

Create Autonomous GO and join using PIN from GO

Peer (GO) ---- PIN --- Peer (GC)

Step	Peer CCMP151	Peer CCMP152
1	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`
2	`p2p_group_add`
3		`p2p_find`
4	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
5	`wpa_cli -ip2p-p2p0-0 wps_pin any` (shows <pin>)
6		`p2p_connect <CCMP151_mac_addr> <pin> join`
7		`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
8	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP151_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP152_ip_addr>`
9	`ping <CCMP152_ip_addr>`	`ping <CCMP151_ip_addr>`

Create Autonomous GO and join using PIN from GC

Peer (GO) ---- PIN --- Peer (GC)

Step	Peer CCMP151	Peer CCMP152
1	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`
2	`p2p_group_add`
3		`p2p_find`
4		`p2p_connect <CCMP151_mac_addr> pin join` (shows <pin>)
5	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
6	`wpa_cli -ip2p-p2p0-0 wps_pin any <pin>`
7	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP151_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP152_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CCMP152_ip_addr>`	`ping <CCMP151_ip_addr>`

Create Autonomous GO and invite GC using PBC

Peer (GO) ---- PBC --- Peer (GC)


wpa_cli -ip2p0
p2p_group_add
p2p_find
p2p_invite group=p2p-p2p0-0 peer=<CCMP152_mac_addr>
p2p_connect <CCMP151_mac_addr> pbc join

wpa_cli -i p2p-p2p0-0 wps_pbc
ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP152_ip_addr>
ping <CCMP151_ip_addr>

For any of these methods, if you want to use the 5GHz frequency, issue p2p_group_add freq=5180 in step two.

Negotiated GO

Negotiate GO and join using PIN

Peer (GO | GC) ---- PIN --- Peer (GO | GC)

Step	Peer CCMP151	Peer CCMP152
1	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`
2	`p2p_find`
3		`p2p_find`
4	`p2p_connect <CCMP152_mac_addr> pin go_intent=1`
5		`p2p_connect <CCMP151_mac_addr> <pin> go_intent=15`
6	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
7	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP151_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP152_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CCMP152_ip_addr>`	`ping <CCMP151_ip_addr>`

Negotiate GO and join using PBC

Peer (GO | GC) ---- PBC --- Peer (GO | GC)

Step	Peer CCMP151	Peer CCMP152
1	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`	`wpa_cli -ip2p0`
2	`p2p_find`
3		`p2p_find`
4	`p2p_connect <CCMP152_mac_addr> pbc go_intent=1`
5		`p2p_connect <CCMP151_mac_addr> pbc go_intent=14`
6	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
7	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP151_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-p2p0-0 <CCMP152_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CCMP152_ip_addr>`	`ping <CCMP151_ip_addr>`