Wi-Fi Direct

Wi-Fi Direct is a Wi-Fi standard that allows devices to connect with each other without requiring a Wi-Fi access point. Wi-Fi Direct negotiates the link with a Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) system that assigns each device a limited wireless access point.

Establishing a peer-to-peer (P2P) link has the following phases:

P2P discovery, which allows to search for P2P devices in the vicinity
P2P group formation, a P2P group is formed with the identification of one of the devices as group owner. A device can either become group owner (GO) autonomously if configured to do so or it can be negotiated between devices with the exchange of GO intents.
P2P provisioning, which authenticates the link by using either Push Button Configuration (PBC) or PIN authentication.
P2P connection, when the connection between a Group Owner (GO) and a Group Client (GC) is actually established.

P2P interfaces

The Wi-Fi driver on load creates a wfd0 interface that is used by the wpa_supplicant for P2P group formation. Once a group is formed, virtual p2p-wfd0-N interfaces are created, where N is an index starting at 0. These virtual interfaces are then used for provisioning.

Group additions, find, and connect operations happen on the wfd0 interface.
Provisioning occurs on the virtual p2p-wfd0-N interfaces.

Enable P2P on the driver

The wfd0 interface is disabled by default to improve the performance of the wlan0 interface in client infrastructure mode.

To customize the default driver interfaces, edit the file /etc/udev/scripts/load_iw612.sh and specify the driver mode.

# head -n 8 /etc/udev/scripts/load_iw612.sh
#!/bin/sh

# The bit settings of drv_mode are:
#    Bit 0 :  STA
#    Bit 1 :  uAP
#    Bit 2 :  WIFIDIRECT
# eg, for STA + uAP + WIFIDIRECT, set 7 (b'111)
DRIVER_MODE=1  # Only STA

To configure STA + AP + P2P mode, set DRIVER_MODE to 7 (b'111) and reboot your device.

The MAC addresses assigned to the additional interfaces are composed by swapping some bytes of the main MAC address. If you require unique MAC addresses for additional interfaces, you can set them with a standard Linux command:

ifconfig wfd0 hw ether aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff

Automatic P2P connection setup

This topic explains how to do an automatic P2P connection with negotiated GO and PBC join, where any of the peers can adopt the GO role.

Find the MAC address of the remote peer you want to connect to, which you can get using iw dev command under the wfd0 interface:

# iw dev
phy#0
        Interface wfd0
                ifindex 7
                wdev 0x2
                addr 02:04:f3:8d:40:03
                type managed
                txpower 0.00 dBm
        Interface wlan0
                ifindex 6
                wdev 0x1
                addr 00:04:f3:8d:40:03
                type managed
                txpower 0.00 dBm

Edit the file /etc/network/interfaces and add the remote peer MAC address using the parameter p2p-peer-mac at the wfd0 interface entry:

/etc/network/interfaces

# WiFi P2P interface
#auto wfd0
iface wfd0 inet static
        address 192.168.45.30
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        wpa-driver nl80211
        wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant_p2p.conf
        p2p-peer-mac 02:04:f3:8d:40:03

Other optional configurable parameters of the P2P connection include:

p2p-discover-window: Duration in seconds on the peer discovery operation (default of 120 seconds).
p2p-freq: Frequency for the channel used in the P2P connection (negotiated by default). Digi recommends you select a fixed frequency because it improves resiliency.
p2p-local-address: The local IP address assigned to the P2P interface (no default IP assigned).
p2p-local-netmask: The network mask assigned to the P2P interface (no default mask assigned).

Repeat the previous step (this time with your device’s MAC) on the peer device.
Reboot the devices with the following command:
```
# reboot
```
Bring up the wfd0 interface simultaneously at both ends:
```
# ifup wfd0
```

This creates a Wi-Fi direct connection using negotiated GO and PBC join. For details on this automatic P2P connection, see the script /etc/network/if-up.d/p2plink.

Manual P2P connection setup

The following examples will use two ConnectCore 91 devices to establish P2P connections. Before running any of the examples, bring up the wfd0 interface on both peers with:

# ifup wfd0

The examples below use wpa-supplicant P2P-specific commands. For more information about these commands, see the wpa_supplicant and Wi-Fi P2P README.

Autonomous GO creation

Create Autonomous Group Owner (GO) and join using PBC method

Peer (GO) ---- PBC --- Peer (GC)

Step	Peer CC911	Peer CC912
1	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`
2	`p2p_group_add`
3		`p2p_find`
4		`p2p_connect <CC911_mac_addr> pbc join`
5	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
6	`wpa_cli -i p2p-wfd0-0 wps_pbc`
7	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC911_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC912_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CC912_ip_addr>`	`ping <CC911_ip_addr>`

Create Autonomous GO and join using PIN from GO

Peer (GO) ---- PIN --- Peer (GC)

Step	Peer CC911	Peer CC912
1	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`
2	`p2p_group_add`
3		`p2p_find`
4	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
5	`wpa_cli -ip2p-wfd0-0 wps_pin any` (shows <pin>)
6		`p2p_connect <CC911_mac_addr> <pin> join`
7		`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
8	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC911_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC912_ip_addr>`
9	`ping <CC912_ip_addr>`	`ping <CC911_ip_addr>`

Create Autonomous GO and join using PIN from GC

Peer (GO) ---- PIN --- Peer (GC)

Step	Peer CC911	Peer CC912
1	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`
2	`p2p_group_add`
3		`p2p_find`
4		`p2p_connect <CC911_mac_addr> pin join` (shows <pin>)
5	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
6	`wpa_cli -ip2p-wfd0-0 wps_pin any <pin>`
7	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC911_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC912_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CC912_ip_addr>`	`ping <CC911_ip_addr>`

Create Autonomous GO and invite GC using PBC

Peer (GO) ---- PBC --- Peer (GC)


wpa_cli -iwfd0
p2p_group_add
p2p_find
p2p_invite group=p2p-wfd0-0 peer=<CC912_mac_addr>
p2p_connect <CC911_mac_addr> pbc join

wpa_cli -i p2p-wfd0-0 wps_pbc
ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC912_ip_addr>
ping <CC911_ip_addr>

For any of these methods, if you want to use the 5GHz frequency, issue p2p_group_add freq=5180 in step two.

Negotiated GO

Negotiate GO and join using PIN

Peer (GO | GC) ---- PIN --- Peer (GO | GC)

Step	Peer CC911	Peer CC912
1	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`
2	`p2p_find`
3		`p2p_find`
4	`p2p_connect <CC912_mac_addr> pin go_intent=1`
5		`p2p_connect <CC911_mac_addr> <pin> go_intent=15`
6	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
7	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC911_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC912_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CC912_ip_addr>`	`ping <CC911_ip_addr>`

Negotiate GO and join using PBC

Peer (GO | GC) ---- PBC --- Peer (GO | GC)

Step	Peer CC911	Peer CC912
1	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`	`wpa_cli -iwfd0`
2	`p2p_find`
3		`p2p_find`
4	`p2p_connect <CC912_mac_addr> pbc go_intent=1`
5		`p2p_connect <CC911_mac_addr> pbc go_intent=14`
6	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit	`Ctrl`+`C` to exit
7	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC911_ip_addr>`	`ifconfig p2p-wfd0-0 <CC912_ip_addr>`
8	`ping <CC912_ip_addr>`	`ping <CC911_ip_addr>`