9XStream/9XCite
Modulation Type: FSK
Emission Designation: 260KF1D
24XStream
Modulation Type: FSK
Emission Designation: 400K0F1D
9XTend
Modulation Type: FSK (@9600 baud), GFSK (@115200 baud)
Emission Designation: 350KF1D (XT09)
EmissionDesignation: 221KF1D (XTH9)
XBee (Series 1)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M39GXW
XBee-PRO (Series 1)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M48GXW
XBee-PRO 900
Modulation Type: FSK
Emission Designation: 3M35F7W
XBee-PRO 868
Modulation Type: FSK
Emission Designation: 37K9F1D
XBee-PRO XSC
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 293KF1D
XBee ZB (Series 2)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M32GXW
XBee-PRO ZB (Series 2)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M55GXW
XBee-PRO ZB (Series 2B)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M42GXW
XStick1 (802.15.4)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M35GXW
XStick2 (ZigBee)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M29GXW
XBee ZB SMT (Series 2C)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M41GXW
XBee-PRO ZB SMT (Series 2C)
Modulation Type: QPSK
Emission Designation: 2M41GXW
XBee 868LP and 865LP
Modulation Type: GFSK
Emission Designation: 190KF1D
XBee Wi-Fi (Series 6)
802.11b Modulation Type: DSSS
Emission Designation: 12M2GXW
802.11g ModulationType: OFDM, DSSS
Emission Designation: 16M8GXW
802.11n ModulationType: OFDM
Emission Designation: 17M9GXW
XBee 900HP
DigiMesh firmware at 200 kbps ModulationType: GFSK
Emission Designation: 346KF7D
Point-to-point firmware at 10 kbps ModulationType: FSK
Emission Designation: 307KF7D
XBee XSC S3B
Firmware at 9600 bps ModulationType: FSK
Emission Designation: 307KF7D
Firmware at 19200 bps ModulationType: FSK
Emission Designation: 300KF7D
Explanation of Classification Designation
Introduction
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has created an internationally agreed upon system to describe or classify radio frequency signal emissions. These emissions are classified by signal bandwidth, modulation method, nature of the modulating signal and the type of information transmitted on the carrier signal. It is based solely on the characteristics of the signal, not thetransmitter. Regulatory agencies, such as the United States Federal CommunicationsCommission, have adopted the use of this system. See the references for moreinformation.
This knowledge base entry describes the ITU Classification Designators, and uses Digi radios as examples for how the designator is derived. The emissions designators are then listed for Digi radios.
The Classification Designators
The type designator of a radio signal can be made up of:
- Necessary bandwidth
- Classification of the main carrier
- Description of the signal modulating the carrier
- Type of information to be transmitted
- Optional characteristics, including a) details of signals and, b) nature of multiplexing
The first four fields are required in the designator. The optional fields are not essential to defining the signal types.
Necessary bandwidth
There are four characters that describe the necessary bandwidth of a signal. It is shown in frequency units. In [2], we find the information shown in Table 1.
Bandwidth (BW) | Units | Use Letter |
---|
0.001 < BW < 999
|
Hz
|
H
|
1.00 < BW < 999
|
kHz
|
K
|
1.00 < BW < 999
|
MHz
|
M
|
1.00 < BW < 999
|
GHz
|
G
|
Table 1.Bandwidths and character designators
ITU defines the bandwidths as given in a) Recommendation ITU-R SM. 1138, b) by computation,or c) by measurement. For Digi radios, the necessary bandwidths are measured.
Carrier Modulation
The next field in an emissions designator is the type of carrier modulation.
There are several characters that are defined in the ITU symbols, but there are severalthat can be used as examples. For single-sideband, suppressed carrier, thecharacter is “J”. For frequency modulation, the character to use is “F”. For phase modulation, the character is “G”.
Modulating Signal Type
The next field in an emissions designator shows the signal type that is modulating the carrier. The ITU defines several characters for this field. Of interest is “1”which is for a single channel of digital information with no sub-carriers, “3” for analog information, and “X”, which is for cases which are not covered bythe other allowed characters.
Type Of Information To Be Transmitted
The next field in an emissions designator is for the type of information to be transmitted. ITU specifies the allowed characters for this field. Some examples are “A” for telegraphy intended to be received byear, “D” data transmission, and “W”, used for a combination of any of the possible information types.
Optional Characteristics
Two more fields can be appended to the emissions designator. They represent details of the signals and any multiplexing used on the signal. If they are not used, a dash “-“ can be appended to the designator. For the FCC, the option fields do not need to be appended.
Examples
We will usethe Digi 9XStream and the Digi XBee radios for examples.
9XStream
The required bandwidth is 260 kHz. The carrier modulation is “frequency”. There is a single channel of digital information with no sub-carriers. Digital data is being transmitted. There are no additional characteristics to be reported. The designator is: 260KF1D--.
XBee (Series 2)
The required bandwidth is 2.32 MHz. The carrier modulation is “phase”. The modulating signal type is QPSK, which is a case not covered. The data is a combination of many types of information.There are no additional characteristics to be reported. The designator is: 2M32GXW--.
Summary
We have described the ITU type designators, and constructed the emissions designators for a DigiXBee Zigbee radio and a Digi 9XStream radio as examples.
References
http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/ComReg0834.pdf
http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_radio_emissions
http://wireless.fcc.gov/services/index.htm?job=licensing_2&id=industrial_business
Last updated:
Jan 01, 2024